The psychology of music

The psychology of music

Music is a universal language that transcends cultural boundaries and has the power to evoke a wide range of emotions. From the soothing melodies of a lullaby to the energetic beats of a dance track, music has a profound impact on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The field of psychology has long been interested in understanding the psychological effects of music, leading to a fascinating exploration of the intricate relationship between sound and mind.

One of the key aspects of the psychology of music is its ability to influence moods and emotions. Research has shown that music can evoke strong emotional responses, such as happiness, sadness, or nostalgia. This is due in part to the way music interacts with the brain’s reward system, triggering the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. For example, listening to upbeat music can increase feelings of happiness and energy, while slower, more melodic music can evoke feelings of calmness and relaxation.

Music also has the ability to evoke memories and nostalgia. Studies have shown that certain songs or pieces of music can trigger vivid memories from our past, often associated with strong emotions. This phenomenon, known as the “reminiscence effect,” highlights the powerful role that music can play in shaping our memories and emotional experiences. In addition to its effects on mood and emotions, music can also influence cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and learning. For example, listening to music while studying or working can improve focus and productivity for some individuals, a concept known as the “Mozart effect.” Furthermore, music therapy, a therapeutic approach that uses music to address emotional, cognitive, and social needs, has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

The psychology of music also encompasses the study of individual differences in musical preferences and abilities. Research has shown that factors such as personality, age, and cultural background can influence our musical tastes and the way we perceive and experience music. For example, individuals with a high level of openness to experience tend to prefer more complex and unconventional music, while those with a high level of extraversion may be drawn to more energetic and upbeat music.

Classwork

For example: I’m bored. – You should get involved in an activity that interests you and besides that you will earn extra money by doing it.

My husband snores.

My boss shouts at me.

The roof is leaking.

I want to get fit.

I want to learn to speak Chinese.

II. Continue these tips.

To look after your disabled grandpa you must say him that he has to take pills.

To be happy in life you should not fight with your sister

To drive safely you should not smoke while driving.

To bring up children well you should not shout .

III. Emergency cases

Find out what you should do if someone just pass out.

My child has swollowed something poisonous.

My arm is burnt.

The dog stops breathing.

My grandpa has hypothermia. (Երբ մարմնի ջերմաստիճանը 35-ից ցածր է)

The girl has been bitten by a snake.

IV. If I were you, I would … Եթե ես քո տեղը լինեի, ես ․․

For example: My son is terribly shy. – If I were you, I would take him out every day, and make him an outgoing person.

Our garden is full of weeds.

I haven’t got any friends.

My life is so boring.

I can’t find a job.

V. Explain the meanings of these proverbs.

All that glitters is not gold.

Every cloud has a silver lining.

Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water.

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

VI. These are bad situations. Think of five mistakes that led up to such situations.

For example: Jack is unemployed now.

He was fired because…

1.He used to be late for work nearly every day.

2.He didn’t show any initiative to get out of a difficult situation.

3.He used to be impolite to customers.

4. He was not responsible for his tasks.

5. At work he used to speak on the phone every now and then.

They got divorced last month. – Why?

The holiday was a complete disaster. – Why

Առաջադրանքը կատարել են՝

Raven and the First People

Read the story and answer the questions.

Raven was bored. He was walking along the beach in Haida Gwaii, looking for some new way to amuse himself. As he walked along the beach, the blue ocean in front of him and the green forest behind him didn’t seem interesting. Raven wanted to play, but there was no one to play with.

Then he heard a strange sound, unlike any sound he knew. He looked up and down the beach. Where was it coming from? As he walked he noticed a large white clamshell lying in the sand. Inside the clamshell were tiny creatures, unlike any he had seen before.

Raven bent down to get a closer look. The creatures seemed afraid of him, so he began to coax them in a gentle voice, “Come out. Come out. Don’t be afraid. I won’t hurt you.”

A few of the creatures came out of the clamshell. They were very different from Raven. They had no feathers, no wings, and no beaks. Like him, they walked on two legs, but they had arms, faces with mouths, and black hair. They spoke to each other in a language that Raven didn’t understand. These tiny creatures were the first humans.

Raven enjoyed watching these humans play and explore the world. After a while, when he was beginning to feel bored again, he noticed that these humans were only men. There were no women. Raven had an idea. He wondered if he could find some women. He searched for a long time. Then he saw some chitons. He opened one of the chitons and found some lovely, tiny women. He brought the women to the men.

Raven enjoyed watching the behaviour of the men and women. He saw them begin to pair off and have children. The human families moved to other parts of the island. Since that day, many generations of humans have grown and flourished, and Raven has never been bored.

1. Where was Raven walking?
  a) ?    through the forest
  b) ?    along the beach
  c) ?    in the water
2. Why did Raven want to play?
  a) ?    He was bored.
  b) ?    He was excited.
  c) ?    He was hungry.
3. What was Raven’s problem?
  a) ?    His friends were all working.
  b) ?    Raven had nothing to play with.
  c) ?    His friends were too busy to play.
4. What did Raven hear?
  a) ?  A baby crying.
  b) ?    A bird singing.
  c) ?    A strange sound.
5. Where was the sound coming from?
  a) ?    The birds.
  b) ?    The sea.
  c) ?    A clamshell.
6. What did Raven see in the clamshell?
  a) ?    baby clams.
  b) ?    tiny creatures.
  c) ?    sand
7. How did Raven get the creatures to come out of the clamshell?
  a) ?    He coaxed them in a gentle voice.
  b) ?    He sang to them.
  c) ?    He grabbed them amd pulled them out.
8. What idea did Raven have?
  a) ?    He wanted to find some women for the male creatures.
  b) ?    He wanted the men and women to get married.
  c) ?    He wanted to get married.
9. Where did Raven find the female creatures?
 a)  ?    in the sand.
  b) ?    in the seaweed.
  c) ?    in a chiton.
10. Why isn’t Raven bored now?
 a)  ?    He has children of his own.
  b) ?    He can amuse himself by watching the behaviour of men and women.
  c) ?    He can create humans.

Homework

A.

1 jurry

2 commit

3 rules

4 witness

5 corporal

6 right

7 break

8 laws

9 imprisoned

10 justice

11 capital

12 sentenced

13 bystanders

14 judge

B.

1 across

2 hooligan

3 verdict

4 thief

5 evidence

6 suspect

7 guilty

8 prosecute

C

D

1 hand

2 back

3 away

4 down

5 let

6 taken

Pros and cons

Mobile phones have become an integral part of modern society, with billions of people around the world relying on these devices for communication, entertainment, and information. However, like any technological advancement, mobile phones come with their own set of pros and cons. In this essay, we will explore the historical context of mobile phones, discuss key figures in the development of this technology, examine the impact of mobile phones on society, and analyze the pros and cons of using mobile phones.
The first mobile phone call was made by Motorola engineer Martin Cooper in 1973, using a large handheld device that weighed 2.2 pounds. This marked the beginning of the mobile phone revolution, as subsequent advancements in technology led to the development of smaller, more portable devices. The introduction of the first commercial mobile phone, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, in 1983 paved the way for the widespread adoption of mobile phones among consumers.
Several key figures have played a significant role in the development of mobile phones. Martin Cooper, often referred to as the “father of the cell phone,” was instrumental in the invention of the first handheld mobile phone. Other notable figures include Dr. Martin Cooper, who led the team that developed the first practical handheld mobile phone, and Steve Jobs, who revolutionized the mobile phone industry with the introduction of the iPhone in 2007.
Mobile phones have had a profound impact on society, transforming the way we communicate, work, and navigate the world. The widespread availability of mobile phones has made it easier for people to stay connected with friends and family, access information on the go, and conduct business remotely. Mobile phones have also revolutionized industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, leading to increased efficiency and improved service delivery.
One of the main advantages of mobile phones is their convenience and portability. With a mobile phone, you can make calls, send messages, access the internet, and use various apps from anywhere at any time. Mobile phones have also improved safety and security, allowing users to quickly contact emergency services in case of an accident or emergency. Additionally, mobile phones have facilitated the rise of social media and digital communication, enabling people to connect with others around the world.

Another benefit of mobile phones is their ability to increase productivity and efficiency. Mobile phones have made it easier for people to work remotely, access important documents and files, and collaborate with colleagues using video conferencing and messaging apps. Mobile phones have also made it easier for businesses to reach their customers and target audiences through mobile marketing and advertising strategies.
Despite their many advantages, mobile phones also have some drawbacks. One of the main concerns surrounding mobile phones is their potential impact on health. Research has suggested that prolonged use of mobile phones can lead to eye strain, headaches, and disrupted sleep patterns. Additionally, the radiation emitted by mobile phones has raised concerns about potential long-term health effects, although more research is needed to fully understand the risks.

Another downside of mobile phones is their potential for distraction and addiction. Many people feel a constant need to check their phones for notifications, messages, and updates, leading to decreased productivity and increased stress. The use of mobile phones while driving has also been linked to an increase in accidents and fatalities, as drivers become distracted by their devices.
As technology continues to advance, mobile phones are likely to become even more integral to our daily lives. Future developments in mobile phone technology may include improved battery life, faster processing speeds, and enhanced security features. The integration of artificial intelligence and augmented reality into mobile phones could also unlock new possibilities for entertainment, education, and productivity.

In conclusion, mobile phones have revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. While they offer numerous benefits in terms of convenience, productivity, and connectivity, it is important to consider the potential drawbacks and risks associated with mobile phone use. By understanding the pros and cons of mobile phones and staying informed about the latest developments in technology, we can make informed choices about how we use these devices in our daily lives.

classwork

solar flare; oil spill; volcano eruption; flood; nuclear accident;
meteor strike; hurricane; space junk collision; global warming:

Natural disasters – volcano eruption, flood, hurricane

Disasters from space – solar flare,meteor strike,space junk collision

Manmade disasters – oil spill,nuclear accident,global warming

WHO INSPIRES YOU THE MOST”

In the realm of music, fashion, and philanthropy, few figures stand as tall as Rihanna. Born Robyn Rihanna Fenty, the Barbadian superstar has transcended the boundaries of her industry to become an icon of empowerment and resilience. As a fan and admirer, I find myself profoundly inspired by Rihanna, not only for her musical prowess but also for the fearless way in which she navigates the complexities of fame, challenges societal norms, and uses her platform to advocate for positive change.One of the most striking aspects of Rihanna’s influence on me is her unapologetic approach to self-expression. From her early music career to her ventures in fashion and beauty, Rihanna has consistently embraced her individuality, challenging conventional standards of beauty and success. This fearlessness in being true to oneself has encouraged me to embrace my uniqueness and pursue my passions without the constraints of societal expectations. Rihanna’s message is a reminder that authenticity is a powerful force, capable of breaking down barriers and inspiring others to embrace their true selves.

Rihanna’s impact extends beyond her artistic endeavors. Her commitment to philanthropy and advocacy for social justice causes has left an indelible mark on the world. Through the Clara Lionel Foundation, named after her grandparents, she has supported education and health initiatives in impoverished communities. Her dedication to making a positive impact aligns with my own values, motivating me to use my skills and resources to contribute meaningfully to society. Rihanna’s example demonstrates that fame and success can be leveraged for the greater good, inspiring me to consider the societal impact of my own actions.

Furthermore, Rihanna’s resilience in the face of adversity serves as a powerful source of inspiration. She has faced criticism, scrutiny, and personal challenges but has consistently risen above them with grace and determination. Her ability to transform setbacks into opportunities for growth and empowerment is a valuable lesson. In moments of difficulty, Rihanna’s journey reminds me to stay resilient, maintain focus on my goals, and use challenges as stepping stones to personal and professional development.Rihanna’s influence on me is also evident in her commitment to promoting inclusivity and diversity. Through her makeup brand, Fenty Beauty, she revolutionized the beauty industry by offering a diverse range of products suitable for all skin tones. This inclusivity sends a powerful message about the importance of representation and acceptance. Rihanna’s efforts to redefine beauty standards inspire me to advocate for diversity and inclusivity in all aspects of life, recognizing the beauty in our differences.

Rihanna has become a powerful source of inspiration in my life. Her fearless individuality, dedication to philanthropy, resilience in the face of challenges, and commitment to inclusivity have left an enduring impact on my worldview. Rihanna’s influence goes beyond her musical talent, serving as a reminder that true success is not just about personal achievements but also about using one’s platform to uplift others and contribute to positive change. As I navigate my own journey, I draw strength and inspiration from Rihanna’s example, motivated to pursue my goals authentically and make a meaningful impact on the world.

Homework

C

1 as the worst crime in

2 have no respect for

3 have such strict laws

4 was not old enough

5 mistook me for the thief

6 better than anyone else

7 such a lot of

8 were too young

9. take into account

Homework

Destination B2 – Unit 12. The law and crime. Phrasal verbs; Phrases and collocations

A

1 jury

2 commit

3 rules

4 witness

5 corporal

6 right

7 break

8 laws

9 imprisoned

10 justice

11 capital

12 sentenced

13 bystanders

14 judge

Are you fed up with your teachers telling you what to do?”

In the realm of education, the relationship between students and teachers plays a pivotal role in shaping the learning experience. Students often find themselves grappling with the balance between authority and autonomy, leading to sentiments of frustration. The question, “Are you fed up with your teachers telling you what to do?” unveils a common sentiment among students seeking greater independence in their educational journey. The Authority Conundrum.
Teachers, as authority figures, guide students through their academic endeavors. However, a perceived excess of directives might breed discontent among students. The challenge lies in maintaining a healthy power dynamic where guidance is constructive rather than stifling.
Autonomy and Individual Growth:
Students yearn for autonomy as it fosters a sense of individuality and personal growth. When teachers strike a balance between providing guidance and allowing room for independent thought, students flourish academically and personally.

Diverse Learning Styles:
Acknowledging diverse learning styles is crucial. Some students thrive under strict guidance, while others excel when given the freedom to explore. Recognizing and accommodating these differences contributes to a more inclusive and effective educational environment.

Communication is Key:
Open communication between students and teachers is essential. A transparent dialogue allows students to express their needs and preferences, fostering an environment where teachers can adapt their approach to better suit the individual needs of their students.

Empowering Students Through Responsibility:
Teachers can empower students by involving them in decision-making processes and giving them responsibilities. This not only fosters a sense of ownership but also encourages students to take an active role in their education.

Cultivating Critical Thinking:
The ultimate goal of education is not merely compliance but the cultivation of critical thinking skills. Teachers should encourage students to question, analyze, and form their own opinions. This approach not only stimulates intellectual growth but also instills a sense of autonomy. In conclusion, the frustration students feel towards teachers telling them what to do stems from a delicate balance between authority and autonomy. The key lies in fostering an educational environment that acknowledges individual differences, encourages open communication, and empowers students to take charge of their learning journey. Striking this balance ensures that students not only excel academically but also develop into independent thinkers ready to face the challenges of the future.